George Chapline, James Barbieri
While it is widely believed that the gravitational collapse of a sufficiently large mass will lead to a density singularity and an event horizon, we propose that this never happens when quantum effects are taken into account. In particular, we propose that when the conditions become ripe for a trapped surface to form, a quantum critical surface sweeps over the collapsing body, transforming the nucleons in the collapsing matter into a lepton/photon gas together with a positive vacuum energy. This will happen regardless of the matter density at the time a trapped surface starts to form, and as a result we predict that at least in all cases of gravitational collapse involving ordinary matter, a large fraction of the rest mass of the collapsing matter will be converted into a burst of neutrinos, and {\gamma}-rays. We predict that the peak luminosity of these bursts is only weakly dependent on the mass of the collapsing object, and is on the order of ({\epsilon}_q/m_Pc^2)^1/4c^5/G, where {\epsilon}_q is the mean energy of a nucleon parton and m_P is the Planck mass. The duration of the bursts will depend the mass of the collapsing objects; in the case of stellar core collapse we predict that the duration of both the neutrino and {\gamma}-ray bursts will be on the order of 10 seconds.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.1067
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