Shabnam Iyyani, Felix Ryde, Magnus Axelsson, James Michael Burgess, Sylvain Guiriec, Josefin Larsson, Christoffer Lundman, Elena Moretti, Sinead McGlynn, Tanja Nymark, Kjell Rosquist
{\it Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope} observations of GRB110721A have revealed two emission components from the relativistic jet: emission from the photosphere, peaking at $\sim 100$ keV and a non-thermal component, which peaks at $\sim 1000$ keV. We use the photospheric component to calculate the properties of the relativistic outflow. We find a strong evolution in the flow properties: the Lorentz factor decreases with time during the bursts from $\Gamma \sim 1000$ to $\sim 150$ (assuming a redshift $z=2$; the values are only weakly dependent on unknown efficiency parameters). Such a decrease is contrary to the expectations from the internal shocks and the isolated magnetar birth models. Moreover, the position of the flow nozzle measured from the central engine, $r_0$, increases by more than two orders of magnitude. Assuming a moderately magnetised outflow we estimate that $r_0$ varies from $10^6$ cm to $\sim 10^9$ cm during the burst. We suggest that the maximal value reflects the size of the progenitor core. Finally, we show that these jet properties naturally explain the observed broken power-law decay of the temperature which has been reported as a characteristic for GRB pulses.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.3611
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