Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Toshiki Tajima
An accreting supermassive blackhole, the central engine of active galactic nucleus (AGN), is capable of exciting extreme amplitude Alfven waves whose wavelength (wave packet) size is characterized by its clumpiness. Alfvenic wakefelds excited in the AGN (blazar) jet can accelerate protons/nuclei to extreme energies beyond Zettaelectron volt (ZeV= 10^21 eV). Such acceleration is prompt, localized, and does not suffer from the multiple scattering/bending enveloped in the Fermi acceleration that causes excessive synchrotron radiation loss beyond 10^19 eV. The production rate of ZeV cosmic rays is found to be consistent with the observed gamma-ray luminosity function of blazars and their time variability.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0970
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